If incorporating personal details into an RFID (radio-frequency
identification) chip implanted into a passport or driver's license may sound like a
"smart" alternative to endless lines at the airport and intrusive questioning by
securocrats, think again.
Since the late 1990s, corporate grifters have touted the
"benefits" of the devilish transmitters as a "convenient" and
"cheap" way to tag individual commodities, one that would
"revolutionize" inventory management and theft prevention. Indeed, everything
from paper towels to shoes, pets to underwear have been "tagged" with the chips.
"Savings" would be "passed on" to the consumer. Call it the
Wal-Martization of everyday life.
RFID tags are small computer chips connected to miniature
antennae that can be fixed to or implanted within physical objects, including human
beings. The RFID chip itself contains an Electronic Product Code that can be
"read" when a RFID reader emits a radio signal. The chips are divided into two
categories, passive or active. A "passive" tag doesn't contain a battery and its
"read" range is variable, from less than an inch to twenty or thirty feet. An
"active" tag on the other hand, is self-powered and has a much longer range. The
data from an "active" tag can be sent directly to a computer system involved in
inventory control--or surveillance.
But as Consumers Against Supermarket Privacy Invasion and
Numbering (CASPIAN), the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), the Electronic Frontier
Foundation (EFF) and the Electronic Privacy Information Center (EPIC) state in a joint position paper, "RFID has the
potential to jeopardize consumer privacy, reduce or eliminate purchasing anonymity, and
threaten civil liberties." As these organizations noted:
While there are beneficial uses of RFID, some attributes of
the technology could be deployed in ways that threaten privacy and civil liberties:
* Hidden placement of tags. RFID tags can be
embedded into/onto objects and documents without the knowledge of the individual who
obtains those items. As radio waves travel easily and silently through fabric, plastic,
and other materials, it is possible to read RFID tags sewn into clothing or affixed to
objects contained in purses, shopping bags, suitcases, and more.
* Unique identifiers for all objects worldwide.
The Electronic Product Code potentially enables every object on earth to have its own
unique ID. The use of unique ID numbers could lead to the creation of a global item
registration system in which every physical object is identified and linked to its
purchaser or owner at the point of sale or transfer.
* Massive data aggregation. RFID deployment
requires the creation of massive databases containing unique tag data. These records could
be linked with personal identifying data, especially as computer memory and processing
capacities expand.
* Hidden readers. Tags can be read from a
distance, not restricted to line of sight, by readers that can be incorporated invisibly
into nearly any environment where human beings or items congregate. RFID readers have
already been experimentally embedded into floor tiles, woven into carpeting and floor
mats, hidden in doorways, and seamlessly incorporated into retail shelving and counters,
making it virtually impossible for a consumer to know when or if he or she was being
"scanned."
* Individual tracking and profiling. If personal
identity were linked with unique RFID tag numbers, individuals could be profiled and
tracked without their knowledge or consent. For example, a tag embedded in a shoe could
serve as a de facto identifier for the person wearing it. Even if item-level information
remains generic, identifying items people wear or carry could associate them with, for
example, particular events like political rallies. ("Position Statement on the
Use of RFID on Consumer Products," Privacy Rights Clearinghouse, November 14, 2003)
As the corporatist police state unfurls its murderous tentacles here in the United States,
it should come as no surprise that securocrats breathlessly tout the "benefits"
of RFID in the area of "homeland security." When linked to massive commercial
databases as well as those compiled by the 16 separate agencies of the "intelligence
community," such as the Terrorist Identities Datamart Environment (TIDE) that feeds
the federal government's surveillance Leviathan with the names of suspected
"terrorists," it doesn't take a genius to conclude that the architecture for a
vast totalitarian enterprise is off the drawing board and onto the streets.
As last week's mass repression of peaceful protest at the
Republican National Convention in St. Paul amply demonstrated, the Bush regime's
"preemptive war" strategy has been rolled out in the heimat. As the World
Socialist Web Site reports,
On Wednesday eight members of the anarchist protest
group the Republican National Convention Welcoming Committee (RNCWC) were charged under
provisions of the Minnesota state version of the Patriot Act with "Conspiracy to Riot
in Furtherance of Terrorism."
The eight charged are all young, and could face up
to seven-and-a-half years in prison under a provision that allows the enhancement of
charges related to terrorism by 50 percent. ...
Among other things, the youth, who were arrested
last weekend even prior to the start of the convention, are charged with plotting to
kidnap delegates to the RNC, assault police officers and attack airports. Almost all of
the charges listed are based upon the testimony of police infiltrators, one an officer,
the other a paid informant. (Tom Eley, "RNC in Twin Cities: Eight protesters charged
with terrorism under Patriot Act," World Socialist Web Site, 6 September 2008)
As the ACLU pointed out, "These charges are an effort
to equate publicly stated plans to blockade traffic and disrupt the RNC as being the same
as acts of terrorism. This both trivializes real violence and attempts to place the stated
political views of the defendants on trial," said Bruce Nestor, president of the
Minnesota Chapter of the National Lawyers Guild. "The charges represent an abuse of
the criminal justice system and seek to intimidate any person organizing large scale
public demonstrations potentially involving civil disobedience," he said.
An affidavit filed by the cops in order to allow the
preemptive police raid and subsequent arrests declared that the RNCWC is a "criminal
enterprise" strongly implying that the group of anarchist youth were members of a
"terrorist organization."
Which, as we have learned over these last seven and
a half years of darkness, is precisely the point: keep 'em scared and passive. And when
they're neither scared nor passive, resort to police state tactics of mass repression.
While the cops beat and arrested demonstrators and journalists outside the Xcel Energy
Center, neanderthal-like Republican mobs chanted "USA! USA!" while the execrable
theocratic fascist, Sarah Palin, basked in the limelight. But I digress...
Likened to barcodes that scan items at the grocery store
check-out line, what industry flacks such as the Association for Automatic Identification
and Mobility (AIM)
fail to mention in their propaganda about RFID is that the information stored on a
passport or driver's license is readily stolen by anyone with a reader device--marketers,
security agents, criminals or stalkers--without the card holder even being remotely aware
that they are being tracked and their allegedly "secure" information plundered.
According to a blurb on the AIM website,
Automatic Identification and Mobility (AIM) technologies
are a diverse family of technologies that share the common purpose of identifying,
tracking, recording, storing and communicating essential business, personal, or product
data. In most cases, AIM technologies serve as the front end of enterprise software
systems, providing fast and accurate collection and entry of data.
("Technologies," Association for Automatic Identification and Mobility, no date)
Among the "diverse family of technologies" touted
by AIM, many are rife with "dual-use" potential, that is, the same technology
that can keep track of a pallet of soft drinks can also keep track of human beings.
Indeed, the Association touts biometric
identification as "an automated method of recognizing a person based
on a physiological or behavioral characteristic." This is especially important since
"the need" for biometrics "can be found in federal, state and local
governments, in the military, and in commercial applications." When used as a
stand-alone or in conjunction with RFID-chipped "smart cards" biometrics,
according to the industry "are set to pervade nearly all aspects of the economy and
our daily lives."
Some "revolution."
The industry received a powerful incentive from the state
when the Government Services Administration (GSA), a Bushist satrapy, issued a 2004 memo
that urged the heads of all federal agencies "to consider action that can be taken to
advance the [RFID] industry."
An example of capitalist "ingenuity" or another
insidious invasion of our right to privacy? In 2006, IBM obtained a patent that will be
used for tracking and profiling consumers as they move around a store, even if access to
commercial databases are strictly limited.
And when it comes tracking and profiling human
beings, say for mass extermination at the behest of crazed Nazi ideologues, IBM stands
alone.
In his groundbreaking 2001 exploration of the
enabling technologies for the mass murder of Jews, communists, Roma and gays and lesbians,
investigative journalist Edwin Black described in IBM and the Holocaust how, beginning in
1933, IBM and their subsidiaries created technological "solutions" that
streamlined the identification of "undesirables" for quick and efficient asset
confiscation, deportation, slave labor and eventual annihilation.
In an eerie echo of polices being enacted today against
Muslims and left-wing "extremists" by the corrupt Bush regime in their quixotic
quest to "keep America safe" in furtherance of capitalist and imperialist goals
of global domination, Black writes:
In the upside-down world of the
Holocaust, dignified professionals were Hitler's advance troops.
Police officials disregarded their
duty in favor of protecting villains and persecuting victims.
Lawyers perverted concepts of justice
to create anti-Jewish laws. Doctors defiled the art of medicine to perpetrate ghastly
experiments and even choose who was healthy enough to be worked to death--and who could be
cost-effectively sent to the gas chamber.
Scientists and engineers debased their
higher calling to devise the instruments and rationales of destruction. And statisticians
used their little known but powerful discipline to identify the victims, project and
rationalize the benefits of their destruction, organize their persecution, and even audit
the efficiency of genocide.
Enter IBM and its overseas
subsidiaries.
(IBM and the Holocaust: The
Strategic Alliance Between Nazi Germany and America's Most Powerful Corporation, New York:
Crown Publishers, 2001, pp. 7-8)
As security and privacy analyst Katherine Albrecht writes describing IBM's patented "Identification and
Tracking of Persons Using RFID-Tagged Items in Store Environments,"
...chillingly details RFID's potential for surveillance in a
world where networked RFID readers called "person tracking units" would be
incorporated virtually everywhere people go--in "shopping malls, airports, train
stations, bus stations, elevators, trains, airplanes, restrooms, sports arenas, libraries,
theaters, [and] museums"--to closely monitor people's movements. ("How RFID Tags
Could Be Used to Track Unsuspecting People," Scientific American, August 21, 2008)
According to the patent cited by Albrecht, as an individual
moves around a store, or a city center, an "RFID tag scanner located [in the desired
tracking location]... scans the RFID tags on [a] person.... As that person moves around
the store, different RFID tag scanners located throughout the store can pick up radio
signals from the RFID tags carried on that person and the movement of that person is
tracked based on these detections.... The person tracking unit may keep records of
different locations where the person has visited, as well as the visitation times."
Even if no personal data are stored in the RFID tag, this
doesn't present a problem IBM explains, because "the personal information will be
obtained when the person uses his or her credit card, bank card, shopper card or the
like." As Albrecht avers, the link between the unique RFID number and a person's
identity "needs to be made only once for the card to serve as a proxy for the person
thereafter." With the wholesale introduction of RFID chipped passports and driver's
licenses, the capitalist panoptic state is quickly--and quietly--falling into place.
If America's main trading partner and sometime geopolitical
rival in the looting of world resources, China, is any indication of the direction near
future surveillance technologies are being driven by the "miracle of the
market," the curtain on privacy and individual rights is rapidly drawing to a close.
Albrecht writes,
China's national ID cards, for instance, are encoded with
what most people would consider a shocking amount of personal information, including
health and reproductive history, employment status, religion, ethnicity and even the name
and phone number of each cardholder's landlord. More ominous still, the cards are part of
a larger project to blanket Chinese cities with state-of-the-art surveillance
technologies. Michael Lin, a vice president for China Public Security Technology, a
private company providing the RFID cards for the program, unflinchingly described them to
the New York Times as "a way for the government to control the population in the
future." And even if other governments do not take advantage of the surveillance
potential inherent in the new ID cards, ample evidence suggests that data-hungry
corporations will.
I would disagree with Albrecht on one salient point:
governments, particularly the crazed, corporate-controlled grifters holding down the fort
in Washington, most certainly will take advantage of RFID's surveillance potential.
In 2005 for example, the Senate Republican High Tech Task
force praised RFID applications as "exciting new technologies" with
"tremendous promise for our economy." In this spirit, they vowed to
"protect" RFID from regulation and legislation. Needless to say, the track
record of timid Democrats is hardly any better when it comes to defending privacy rights
or something as "quaint" as the Constitution.
Under conditions of a looming economic meltdown, rising
unemployment, staggering debt, the collapse of financial markets and continuing wars and
occupations in Iraq and Afghanistan, U.S. imperialism, in order to shore up its crumbling
empire, will continue to import totalitarian methods of rule employed in its "global
war on terror" onto the home front.
The introduction of RFID-chipped passports and driver's
licenses for the mass surveillance and political repression of the American people arises
within this context.
Tom Burghardt is a researcher and activist based in the San
Francisco Bay Area. In addition to publishing in Covert Action Quarterly, Love
& Rage and Antifa Forum, he is the editor of Police State America: U.S.
Military "Civil Disturbance" Planning, distributed by AK Press. |